Which cement is the strongest permanent cement that contains phosphoric acid and irritates the pulp?

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Zinc phosphate cement is known for its high compressive strength, which makes it the strongest option among common permanent luting cements. It achieves this strength because the liquid contains phosphoric acid, which drives a strong chemical reaction with the zinc oxide powder. That same acidity is what can irritate the dental pulp, so when using this cement, a protective base or liner is typically placed to shield the pulp. The other cements either don’t provide the same level of strength or don’t rely on phosphoric acid in their formulation, and they are generally more pulp-friendly or have different clinical roles (for example, some offer fluoride release or better bonding but not the same strength). So the combination of containing phosphoric acid and delivering the greatest strength points to zinc phosphate as the best answer.